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53 AutoMill HP ™ P R O D U C T M A N U A L EN Bevel – an edge of a structure that is not perpendicular to the face of the piece. Board Foot – Measurement of lumber equal to one square foot an inch thick or 144 cubic inches. Multiply width in inches X length in inches X thickness in inches, divide by 144 for total board feet. Bow – A warp along the length of a board. Box Joint – Square shaped finger joints used to join pieces at right angles. Butt Joint – A joint where the edges of two boards are against each other. Carbide Tipped – Extremely hard steel pieces with sharp cutting edges fastened to cutting tools such as saw blades and router bits. Chamfer – To bevel the corner of a board at a 45° angle. Combination Square – A square that measures both 90 degree and 45 degree angles. Common Grade Lumber – Lumber with obvious defects, used in construction framing. Cross Cut – A cut which runs across the board perpendicular to the grain. Cupping – This is when the edges of a board bend with the grain away from the center to form a concave shape. Dovetail Joint – A joint where the fingers are shaped like a doves tail, used to join pieces at 90 degrees. Face – When a board has one side that is wider than the other, the wider side is referred to as the face (as opposed to the edge). May also refer to the side that is to be visible in the finished item. Fence – A straight guide on a tool such as a table saw or router table to keep the material a set parallel distance from the blade or cutter. Finger Joint – Long tapered fingers used to join material lenghtwise, often used in manufacturing moulding to join short lengths. Flush – When two adjoining surfaces are perfectly even with one another. Grain – The appearance, size and direction of the alignment of the fibres of the wood. Hold Down – A type of clamp which holds lumber in place during a cutting operation. Infeed – The side of the saw where a board enters. Jig – A device used to hold work or act as a guide in manufacturing or assembly. Joint – The point at which two or more peices of wood are joined together. Kerf – The width of a saw cut, determined by the thickness and set of the blade. Knot – The portion of a branch or limb that is embedded in the wood. Laminate – The product of bonding layers together as in beams or plywood. Leading Edge – The edge of the board which enters the saw first. Nominal Size – The rough sawn dimension a finished piece of material is referred to, for example what is referred to as a 2 X 4 is actually 1 1/2" X 3 1/2". Outfeed – The side of the saw where the board exits. Pitch – The number of teeth on a saw blade per inch. Can also be the sticky material in wood that builds up on the saw blade teeth. Plumb – A term used to describe something that is perfectly perpendicular to the earth relative to gravity. A plumb bob on the end of a string will give you a line that is plumb or straight up and down. Plunge – A vertical cut made using the Z-Axis on the ALS 4.0 Radial Arm Saw – Circular saw that runs on an overhead track, the track mechanism swings in relation to the table to make miter cuts. Rake – The angle at which the leading edge of the teeth are cut on a saw blade. Rip Cut – A cut which runs through the length of a board parallel to the grain. Robertson Head – A screw head requiring a driver with a square tip, also referred to as a socket head. Sweep – A horizontal cut made using the T-Axis on the ALS 4.0. Table Saw – A circular saw mounted under a table with height and angle adjustments for the blade. Taper Cut – A cut where the width decreases from one end to the other, these are usually done on a table saw with a jig. Trailing Edge – The edge of the board which enters the saw last. Warp – To bend or twist to the pull of the grain in the wood. Appendix D – Terms Glossary